FUNDAMENTAL INSTITUTIONS OF CRIMINAL LAW

Abstract

The article entitled "The fundamental institutions of criminal law" presents a particularly generous and important theme. I will present the three fundamental institutions from a theoretical point of view and by exemplifying them practically through cases. These fundamental institutions are the main pillars of criminal law, around them gravitate all the other specialized institutions that form criminal law as a branch of law. Criminal law provides, as a consequence of committing crimes, specific criminal law sanctions that are applied to criminals through the most severe (legal) form of legal liability, criminal liability. Thus, in the synthesis of the essential features most often indicated by doctrine within the definition of criminal law, it can be appreciated as representing a branch of law that aims to ensure social defence (social order and discipline), carrying out a control of an individual’s conduct and behaviour from society to the highest degree undesirable, through the action of preventing and combating the criminal phenomenon, establishing and regulating: the categories of acts that are assessed, at a given moment, as crimes, the corresponding (legal) liability for committing them; the specific sanctions in which this legal-criminal liability is to be realized.