Abstract
Shina is an endangered Indo-Aryan (Dardic) language spoken in Gilgit, Northern Pakistan. The present study investigates the acoustic correlates of Shina’s three-way stop laryngeal contrast across five places of articulation. A wide range of acoustic correlates were measured including fundamental frequency (F0), spectral tilt (H1*-H2*, H1*-A1*, H1*-A2*, and H1*-A3*), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP). Voiceless aspirated stops were characterized by higher fundamental frequency, spectral tilt, and cepstral peak prominence, compared to voiceless unaspirated and voiced unaspirated stops. These results suggest that Shina is among those languages which have a raising effect of aspiration on the pitch and spectral tilt onsets of the following vowels. Positive correlations among fundamental frequency, spectral tilt, and cepstral peak prominence were observed. The findings of this study will contribute to the phonetic documentation of endangered Dardic languages.
Highlights
Languages 6: 139. https://doi.org/Shina is an endangered Indo-Aryan (Dardic) language spoken in Gilgit, NorthernPakistan
The aim of the current study is to investigate F0, spectral tilt (H1*-H2*, H1*-A1*, H1*-A2*, and H1*-A3*), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) of the rich laryngeal contrasts and places of articulation of Shina, an endangered Dardic language spoken in Gilgit, Northern Pakistan
The current study investigated the F0, spectral tilt, and CPP of the three-way laryngeal contrast across five places of articulation in Shina, an endangered Indo-Aryan (Dardic) language spoken in Gilgit, Northern Pakistan
Summary
Languages 6: 139. https://doi.org/Shina is an endangered Indo-Aryan (Dardic) language spoken in Gilgit, NorthernPakistan. There is a three-way laryngeal contrast in Shina stops /p/, voiceless aspirated /ph /, and voiced unaspirated /b/) at five places of articulation (bilabial, dental, retroflex, palatal, and velar; Hussain 2018; Radloff 1999). Voiceless aspirated stops have been described to have either a raising effect on fundamental frequency (F0) and spectral tilt or a lowering effect (see below). A wide range of studies have been conducted on the grammatical, phonological, and sociolinguistic aspects of Dardic languages (Backstrom and Radloff 1992; Cacopardo and Cacopardo 2001; Liljegren 2017). The current study investigates F0, spectral tilt (H1*-H2*, H1*-A1*, H1*-A2*, and H1*-A3*), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) of the rich laryngeal and place contrasts of Shina.
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