Abstract
AbstractSamples of shale from the Sew York State Clay and Shale Survey were selected for the study of efflorescence. Some of the shales had no tendency to effloresce after firing whereas others produced slight to heavy efflorescence. A satisfactory means of qualitative and quantitative measurement of soluble salt content was applied to the raw and fired shale specimens. These analyses provided an indication of the liability to effloresce. The causes of the development of soluble salts in these materials were traced. It was found that soluble salts were formed in the ceramic body during firing by reaction with SO2 gas and by solid‐state reactions involving SO4 ions. The presence of insoluble mineral sulfides and sulfur‐bearing organic compounds in the raw materials were important causes of sulfate formation. The mechanism of sulfate formation was studied. Procedures for the prevention of efflorescence are discussed.
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