Abstract
We observed mutual smiling episodes (MSEs) between therapists and patients as a key element of affective exchanges that serve to regulate communication. Based on a functional perspective, four different MSEs have been identified corresponding to four social functions: (a) coordination of affective signals, (b) sharing of emotions, (c) negotiation of social roles, and (d) regulation of conflict. We present a theoretical model developed to study the function of MSEs, the Mutual Smiling Coding System (MSCS) instrument, and an initial validation based on a sample of 12 cases. Considering the therapeutic alliance, as measured by the Helping Alliance questionnaire (Alexander & Luborsky, 1986), differences appear in expressivity (number of MSEs) and organization (balance between different types of MSEs) during each session. The MSCS demonstrates satisfactory interrater reliability, and initial indications of validation are promising. It thus confirms the importance of interindividual emotional regulation mechanisms in therapeutic alliance building.
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