Abstract
A novel short backfire antenna realized by replacing the metallic wall with water wall is described in this paper. Through controlling the water flow in different layers, the proposed short backfire antenna based on a cylindrical waveguide made of water can switch between two different functions. When the proposed antenna works in Function I, it is a short backfire antenna with pencil beam. When it operates in the other function, conical beam is achieved, and its beam angle can be changed by controlling the height of water cylinder and water wall. Measured results show that when working in Function I, the proposed water short backfire antenna has an impedance bandwidth (|S11| <; -10 dB) of 11.3% (3.6 GHz to 4.05 GHz). A maximum gain of 10.8 dBi is observed. While working in Function II, the beam angle of a conical radiation beam can be switched between 25° and 60°. The operating frequency of the antenna working in Function II covers a range of 5% (3.9 GHz to 4.1 GHz). Maximum gain of 6.8 dBi for 25° and 2.7 dBi for 60° is obtained. Due to its low cost, good radiation performances, transparent characteristic, and reconfigurability, this novel water antenna may be potentially useful in future communication applications.
Highlights
Liquid antennas have received a growing attention due to several attractive features as conformability, reconfigurability and transparency [1]
By controlling the water to fill different layers, the proposed antenna can switch between Function I: a water short backfire antenna with pencil beam, and Function II: a water conical beam antenna with beam angle reconfigurable
When working in Function II, a conical beam is achieved and the beam angle can be switched between 25° and 60°
Summary
Liquid antennas have received a growing attention due to several attractive features as conformability, reconfigurability and transparency [1]. A new short backfire antenna realized by pure water enclosed with transparent resin is proposed. By controlling the water to fill different layers, the proposed antenna can switch between Function I: a water short backfire antenna with pencil beam, and Function II: a water conical beam antenna with beam angle reconfigurable. The mode excited in the antenna can be changed by controlling the water flow in its feed system, resulting in the radiation pattern being switched between pencil beam and conical beam. Measured results show that when working in Function I, the proposed water short backfire antenna has an impedance bandwidth (|S11| < -10 dB) of 11.3% (3.6 GHz to 4.05 GHz).
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