Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) containing vinyl-, propyl-, isobutyl- and phenyl functionalized monolayers were reported. These functionalized MSNs were prepared via molecular self-assembly of organosilanes on the mesoporous supports. The relative surface coverage of the organic monolayers can reach up to 100% (about 5.06 silanes/nm2). These monolayer functionalize MSNs were analyzed by a number of techniques including transmission electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern, cross-polarized Si29 MAS NMR spectroscopy, and nitrogen sorption measurement. The main elements (i.e., the number of absorbed water, the reactivity of organosilanes, and the stereochemistry of organosilane) that greatly affected the surface coverage and the quality of the organic functionalized monolayers on MSNs were fully discussed. The results show that the proper amount of physically absorbed water, the use of high active trichlorosilanes, and the functional groups with less steric hindrance are essential to generate MSNs with high surface coverage of monolayers.
Highlights
Periodic mesoporous silica materials have been intensively investigated over the last decade due to their ordered structure, large surface area, and well-defined pore size [1,2]
The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained from JEOL 2100 operating at 200 kV (Akishima, Tokyo, Japan)
mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were synthesized in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/OH, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and mesitylene solution, which have been reported previously [32,33]
Summary
Periodic mesoporous silica materials have been intensively investigated over the last decade due to their ordered structure, large surface area, and well-defined pore size [1,2]. Compared with bulk mesoporous silica (typical diameter of 500 nm to several micrometers), MSNs (diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm) offer additional properties, such as fast mass transfer of molecules into or out of the pore systems, effective adhesion to the substrates, good suspension in solution, and easy permeability across cell membrane [15]. The limitation of this synthetic method is that the population of the organic groups would be limited to the original number of surface silanols on MSNs, and a low surface coverage is obtained (
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