Functionalized membrane supports for covalent protein microsequence analysis

Abstract

Methods were developed for high yield covalent attachment of peptides and proteins to isothiocyanate and arylamine-derivatized poly(vinylidene difluoride) membranes for solid-phase sequence analysis. Solutions of protein or peptide were dried onto 8-mm membrane disks such that the functional groups on the surface and the polypeptide were brought into close proximity. In the case of the isothiocyanate membrane, reaction between polypeptide amino groups and the surface isothiocyanate moieties was promoted by application of aqueous N-methylmorpholine. Attachment of proteins and peptides to the arylamine surface was achieved by application of water-soluble carbodiimide in a pH 5.0 buffer. Edman degradation of covalently bound polypeptides was accomplished with initial and repetitive sequence yields ranging from 33 to 75% and 88.5 to 98.5%, respectively. The yields were independent of the sample load (20 pmol to > 1 nmol) for either surface. Significant loss of material was not observed when attachment residues were encountered during sequence runs. Application of bovine β-lactoglobulin A chain, staphylococcus protein A, or the peptide melittin to the isothiocyanate membrane allowed for extended N-terminal sequence identification (35 residues from 20 pmol of β-lactoglobulin). A number of synthetic and naturally occurring peptides were sequenced to the C-terminal residue following attachment to the arylamine surface. In one example, 10 μg of bovine α-casein was digested with staphylococcal protease V8 and the peptides were separated by reverse-phase chromatography. Peptide fractions were then directly applied to arylamine membrane disks for covalent sequence analysis. From as little as 2 pmol of initial signal it was possible to determine substantial sequence information (> 10 residues).