Abstract
Abstract The recent increase in the use of graphene and its derivatives is due to their exceptional physicochemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties as the industrial materials developed by involving graphene structures can fulfill future needs. In that view, the potential use of these graphene-containing nanomaterials in electronics applications has encouraged in-depth exploration of the electronic, conducting, and other functional properties. The protecting undifferentiated form of graphene has similarly been proposed for various applications, for example, as supercapacitors, photovoltaic and transparent conductors, touch screen points, optical limiters, optical frequency converters, and terahertz devices. The hybrid composite nanomaterials that undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes are important for many new technologies based on switchable devices. As a two-dimensional smart electronic material, graphene has received widespread attention, and with that view, we aim to cover the various types of graphene oxide (GO)-based composites, linking their optical and electrical properties with their structural and morphological ones. We believe that the topics covered in this review can shed light on the development of high-yield GO-containing electronic materials, which can be fabricated as the field moves forward and makes more significant advances in smart optoelectronic devices.
Highlights
Graphene is exciting as the gateway to a new era in materials science and technology research because of its ability to convert itself into many different forms with a change of structure and dimensionality
We have focused on the recent research including the synthesis and applications of graphene-based nanocomposites
It doesn’t matter which mechanism is used for photoluminescence of graphene-derived QDs (GQDs), but it has the same characteristics; the excitation wavelength is responsible for the changes in emission spectrum wavelength
Summary
Graphene is exciting as the gateway to a new era in materials science and technology research because of its ability to convert itself into many different forms with a change of structure and dimensionality. The graphene with its 2D carbon sheet maintains several other magical properties such as the thickness similar to that of a single-atom, large theoretical surface area, high conductivity at room temperature, and wider electrochemical window [3] In addition to those magical properties, the graphene nanosheets (NSs) can serve as an excellent host material for the growth of high-performance nanomaterials with enhanced electrochemical characteristics [4,5,6,7]. The exceptional properties of graphene are derived from the 2p orbitals of π-state bands; as a result, the graphene inherits various characteristics, such as being optically transparent and having better surface area, excellent thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties [32] These characteristics furnish graphene with a significant dominance over similar materials used in diverse industrial applications. Though the special focus of this article is on graphene and functionalized graphene-based materials for optical applications, it provides an overview of graphene synthesis (bottom-up and top-down approaches) and its characteristics, since graphene is the main roll material of the current review article
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