Abstract

ABSTRACT The present research emphasized on the removal of Congo Red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions using an adsorbent synthesized by utilizing the leaf extract of Neolamarchia cadamba as a bio-template. This facilitates the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles which are then carbonized to enhance adsorption capabilities. This synthesized material is referred to as NC@ZnC, for coherent adsorption of CR dye. Various operating parameters were used for the adsorption of CR onto NC@ZnC. The maximum monolayer decontamination of CR dye was 303.03 mg/g when it was incubated for 90 min at a pH of 5. The specific surface area of amalgamated NC@ZnC was reported to be 6.509 m2/g using Bruaneur–Emmett–Teller analysis. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to show the rough surface area, X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the crystalline structure of the adsorbent with a grain size of 20.062 nm. Elemental dispersive X-ray analysis was used to determine the elemental composition of NC@ZnC. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates a lysine group that, upon adsorption, interacts with oxygen to form a bond. NC@ZnC regresses pseudo-second-order kinetics and follows the Langmuir isotherm for the adsorption process. The sorption activity with respect to temperature appears to be displaying +ΔH° and +ΔS°, which suggests an endothermic and impulsive nature.

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