Functionalization of wool fabric by rice stubble extract dyeing and bio-mordanting

Abstract

In this research, rice stubble, an air-polluting agricultural waste after burning the current years, was considered to explore a sustainable application in rice-growing countries. The rice stubble extract was used to dye and functionalize the wool fabric. The dyed woollen fabrics were thoroughly characterized concerning their physical, chemical and comfort properties by scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The color characteristics, color fastness against the woollen fabrics, and flame retardancy were also assessed. The results revealed that the rice stubble extract has a coloring chromophore to offer bright shades with considerable fastness abilities. The rice stubble-dyed woollen fabrics showed considerable water vapor permeability, efficient UV shielding, and adequate flame Retardancy. The dyed woollen fabrics showed a maximum water vapor permeability of 2500 g/m2/24h, ultraviolet shielding of 350, and a limiting oxygen index of 30.