Abstract
Complications in dentistry and orthopaedic surgery are mainly induced by peri-implant bacterial infections and current implant devices do not prevent such infections. The coating of antibacterial molecules such as chitosan on its surface would give the implant bioactive properties. The major challenge of this type of coating is the attachment of chitosan to a metal substrate. In this study, we propose to investigate the functionalization of titanium with chitosan via a silanation. Firstly, the surface chemistry and mechanical properties of such coating were evaluated. We also verified if the coated chitosan retained its biocompatibility with the peri-implant cells, as well as its antibacterial properties. FTIR and Tof-SIMS analyses confirmed the presence of chitosan on the titanium surface. This coating showed great scratch resistance and was strongly adhesive to the substrate. These mechanical properties were consistent with an implantology application. The Chitosan-coated surfaces showed strong inhibition of Actinomyces naeslundii growth; they nonetheless showed a non significant inhibition against Porphyromonas gingivalis after 32 hours in liquid media. The chitosan-coating also demonstrated good biocompatibility to NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Thus this method of covalent coating provides a biocompatible material with improved bioactive properties. These results proved that covalent coating of chitosan has significant potential in biomedical device implantation.
Highlights
Bacterial adhesion on medical devices and implants is a main source of complications in dentistry and orthopaedic surgery [1,2]
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) analysis was used to control the presence of TESBA after this intermediate stage
The hypothesis was that a thin monomolecular layer of TESBA was coated to the titanium surface and the coating thickness prevented us from observing a stronger signal
Summary
Bacterial adhesion on medical devices and implants is a main source of complications in dentistry and orthopaedic surgery [1,2]. Periimplantitis is defined as an inflammatory reaction with the loss of supporting bone in the tissues surrounding a functioning implant [4]. There is currently no preventive treatment against peri-implantitis, but only curative treatment (treatment with antibiotics or antiseptics). Titanium and its alloys are typically used for implants because of their superior biocompatibility, first-rate corrosion resistance, and good mechanical properties [7,8]. Titanium implants do not prevent peri-implant infections [9]. An alternative is needed using titanium implants with a bioactive coating that would have antiseptic properties. Implants should allow for strong adhesion of peri-implant soft tissues which helps to prevent bacterial colonization and subsequent chronic inflammation [10]. The use of natural polymers seems to be an attractive option because of their good biocompatibility
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