Functionalization of chitosan biopolymer using two dimensional metal-organic frameworks and MXene for rapid, efficient, and selective removal of lead (II) and methyl blue from wastewater

Abstract

The efficient elimination of lead (II) and methyl blue from aqueous media was a critical problem for humans. The removal of dyes and heavy metals, especially methylene blue and lead, from wastewater is essential for human health and the environment, and utilizing a suitable adsorbent to attain this goal is highly desirable. In the present study first time, chitosan biopolymer was functionalized using Two Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks (Ni3(HITP)2) and MXene for efficient, rapid, and selective removal of lead (II) and Methyl blue. To obtain an adsorbent (Ni3(HITP)2/MXene/CS), 1 g of chitosan (biopolymer) and Metal-Organic Frameworks were added in MXene dark-colored suspension and ultrasonically dispersed for 25 min. The batch sorption was carried out, and sorption behavior was analyzed. Batch sorption procedures were conducted to explore the sorption of Pb2+ and MB by Ni3(HITP)2/MXene/CS composite in 25 mL of aqueous solutions. The adsorbent utilized in the present experiments was 10 mg. The effect of the initial concentration of Pb2+ and MB was explored in the range of 10–400 mg L−1. Composite (Ni3(HITP)2/MXene/CS) had excellent sorption performance in the range of pH= 3–6 for lead (II) and pH= 2–9 for methyl blue. The maximum adsorption capacity for lead (II) was 448.93 mg g− 1 at 298 K, 400.59 mg g− 1 at 308 K, and 305.80 mg g− 1 at 318 K. In contrast, the maximum sorption capability for methyl blue was 424.99 mg g− 1 at 298 K, 354.03 mg g− 1 at 308 K, and 251.78 mg g− 1 at 318 K. The sorption of lead (II) and methyl blue on Ni3(HITP)2/MXene/CS composite conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir model. These outcomes verified that Ni3(HITP)2/MXene/CS composite was selectivity efficient, and quick removal of Methylene blue and lead from wastewater, which is of practical importance.