Abstract
Coffee is a popular beverage all over the world, but spent coffee grounds (SCGs) constituting almost 75% of original beans are usually considered waste and disposed off. The present study analyzed the functionalities of SCG with a view of its reuse in the cosmetic industry. The SCG extraction was carried out by the hydrothermal method. The resultant extracts were tested for its antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase inhibition, and moisturizing ability. LC–MS/MS results showed two major components in SCG extracts, namely, trigonelline and caffeine. Also, the SCG contained total flavonoid contents of 29 ± 4.5 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g SCG and total phenolic contents of 9.44 ± 0.90 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g SCG. Regarding functionality analysis, SCG extracts exhibited reduction capacity of 8.18 ± 0.39 mg vitamin C equivalent (VCE)/g SCG, DPPH free-radical scavenging activity (IC50) of 3.11 mg SCG/mL, ABTS free-radical scavenging activity (IC50) of 13.61 mg SCG/mL, and tyrosinase inhibition capacity (IC50) of 2.23 mg SCG/mL. Moreover, the volatilization rate of the extract solution (37 mg SCG/mL) reduced by 15.9%. These results demonstrate the utility of recycling of SCG and illustrate its potential application in the development of skin care products.
Highlights
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages all over the world, consumed for leisure and boosting energy levels, and is a symbol of personal taste
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs), the by-product obtained from roasted coffee beans after water extraction, are usually considered waste and are disposed off. e average weight of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) is about 75% that of the original coffee bean
Conde and Mussatto [19] employed the hydrothermal method and achieved total flavonoid contents of 8.29 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g SCG, indicating that the hydrothermal method is more suitable for total flavonoid content
Summary
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages all over the world, consumed for leisure and boosting energy levels, and is a symbol of personal taste. Spent coffee grounds (SCGs), the by-product obtained from roasted coffee beans after water extraction, are usually considered waste and are disposed off. E average weight of SCG is about 75% that of the original coffee bean. According to the coffee trade record from the International Coffee Organization, the total coffee production in 2018 was about 9.5 million metric tons. The annual quantity of SCG was about 6 million tons worldwide [1]. In Taiwan alone, the quantity of disposed-off SCG exceeds 30 metric tons per day. Mussatto and co-workers reported the use of SCG as animal feeds and farm fertilizer [2]. Several other uses such as biofuel [3], its bioconversion to carotenoids and other valuable metabolites [4], and its application in decontamination of water from heavy metal ions [5] have been reported. Due to the presence of chlorogenic acid, SCG has exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activities [6, 7]
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