Abstract
Background. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSS), in particular diseases of joints, are a leading factor for reducing the work ability of the population all around the world. The early diagnosis and treatment for them is a high priority task for clinical medicine. Modern nuclear medicine methods can significantly increase the possibilities in differential diagnostics, optimize treatment and improve the prognosis of diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MOP). Purpose – to study and generalize the world experience of application of modern methods of osteoscintigraphy (OSG) for diagnostics of joints diseases, to define possibilities and prospects of various scintigraphic acquisitions for investigation patients with MSS pathology. Materials and methods. Full-text publications in the databases Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed (mostly 2015–2021), international standard guidelines for the diagnosis of MSS pathology and monographs for radionuclide examination methods and hybrid imaging technologies in oncology, orthopedics and traumatology. Results. We received the main approaches for radiological diagnostics of pathological changes in joints and the abilities of osteoscintigraphy. We defined the main principles and analyzed the possibilities and advantages of different nuclear medicine protocols: conventional planar examination of the whole body, 3-phase OSG, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and combined technology with X-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Indications for the use of OSG in various pathological changes of ORA have been determined. We considered different patterns of radiation imaging according to the pathogenesis of various pathological processes – systemic arthritis, diseases of the joints of the spine, upper and lower extremities. The possibilities of different radiological methods for diagnosing and application of different modes of OSG depending on the pathogenesis and localization of lesions were analyzed and compared. Conclusions. Performing 3-phase OSG and tomographic modes (SPECT, SPECT/CT) significantly increases the efficiency of the method for the diagnostics, determination of process activity, staging and prevalence of joint pathology, as well as for monitoring the treatment results. The method detects active metabolic processes at an early stage in the vascular, soft tissue and bone phases and determines the condition of the joints of the whole body without additional radiation exposure.
Highlights
Нормальна життєдіяльність людини значною мірою залежить від роботи опорно-рухового апарату (ОРА), у якому суглоби виконують опорну, амортизаційну і рухову функцію і тим самим впливають на роботу всього організму
According to the figures from World Health Organization (WHO), 1,71 milliard people worldwide are suffering from musculoskeletal disorders; musculoskeletal system (MSS) pathology is the main factor of disablement and early performance cessation; WHO predicts this tendency hold for the few decades [1]
The literature review covers accessible full-text publications obtained through literature search in the databases Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed
Summary
Нормальна життєдіяльність людини значною мірою залежить від роботи опорно-рухового апарату (ОРА), у якому суглоби виконують опорну, амортизаційну і рухову функцію і тим самим впливають на роботу всього організму. За даними Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я (ВООЗ), від захворювань кістково-м’язової системи страждають 1,71 млрд людей в усьому світі; патологія ОРА є основним фактором інвалідизації та передчасного припинення працездатності; Всесвітня організація охорони здоров’я прогнозує збереження цієї. According to the figures from World Health Organization (WHO), 1,71 milliard people worldwide are suffering from musculoskeletal disorders; MSS pathology is the main factor of disablement and early performance cessation; WHO predicts this tendency hold for the few decades [1]. The early musculoskeletal pathology diagnosis is necessary for the timely treatment та організація охорони здоров’я тенденції протягом найближчих десятиліть [1]. Чутливість КР низька при незначних змінах кісткових і хрящових елементів, синовіальних структур, зв’язок, сухожилків, фасцій, що потребує застосування сучасних високотехнологічних томографічних методів – рентгенівської комп’ютерної томографії (КТ), магнітно-резонансної томографії (МРТ), ультразвукового дослідження (УЗД) [6,7,8]
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