Functional value of biologically active honey components

Abstract

The article shows data on diastase activity and pollen analysis of honey from apiaries in the south of the Tyumen region. The research was conducted in the period 2017-2022. Honey maturation is a complex biochemical process in which biologically active substances, which include lysozyme and amylase, formed in the digestive glands of worker bees, play a significant role. They provide honey with high biological properties. Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme produced in the body of animals that prevents the penetration of microbes, viruses and fungi into honey. Amylase - breaks down the complex carbohydrates of nectar, converting them into glucose and fructose. These enzymes in bees are formed to a greater extent in the maxillary and pharyngeal glands. These are the high biological properties of honey. During the work on the pollen analysis of honey, it was revealed that the honey of apiaries in the south of the Tyumen region is polyphlorous, since pollen grains of various honey plants were identified in the studied honey samples, which included linden, sweet clover, rapeseed, esparcet, winter cress, dandelion, clover, sow thistle. The results of diastase activity determination showed that in experimental honey samples the diastase number was in the range from 8.0 to 23.8%, high diastase activity characterizes the quality of honey, since it, undergoing prolonged biochemical treatment, is more saturated with enzymes and biologically active substances. According to the research results, honey with high diastase activity includes samples from apiaries of Yalutorovsky and Isetsky districts.