Abstract
Compelling evidence has suggested that the human cerebellum is engaged in a wide range of cognitive tasks besides traditional opinions of motor control, and it is organized into a set of distinct functional subregions. The existing model-driven cerebellum parcellations through resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) and task-fMRI are relatively coarse, introducing challenges in resolving the functions of the cerebellum especially when the brain is exposed to naturalistic environments. The current study took the advantages of the naturalistic paradigm (i.e., movie viewing) fMRI (nfMRI) to derive fine parcellations via a data-driven dual-regression-like sparse representation framework. The parcellations were quantitatively evaluated by functional homogeneity, and global and local boundary confidence. In addition, the differences of cerebellum–cerebrum functional connectivities between rsfMRI and nfMRI for some exemplar parcellations were compared to provide qualitatively functional validations. Our experimental results demonstrated that the proposed study successfully identified distinct subregions of the cerebellum. This fine parcellation may serve as a complementary solution to existing cerebellum parcellations, providing an alternative template for exploring neural activities of the cerebellum in naturalistic environments.
Highlights
Compelling evidence from anatomy, clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging studies indicates that the human cerebellum is engaged in cognitive and affective processing beside traditional opinions of motor control (Ivry and Baldo, 1992; Strick et al, 2009; Buckner, 2013; Klein et al, 2016; Schmahmann et al, 2019)
TfMRI-based parcellations have the advantage over the resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) ones in that task conditions can be used as benchmarks to characterize the cognitive processes related to the subdivisions
The current study proposed a data-driven parcellation of the cerebellum using the naturalistic paradigm functional MRI (fMRI)
Summary
Compelling evidence from anatomy, clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging studies indicates that the human cerebellum is engaged in cognitive and affective processing beside traditional opinions of motor control (Ivry and Baldo, 1992; Strick et al, 2009; Buckner, 2013; Klein et al, 2016; Schmahmann et al, 2019). According to the cerebral functional brain networks discovered via rsfMRI, more detailed parcellations (e.g., 17 regions) have been achieved based on voxel-wise cerebellum–cerebrum functional connectivity analysis These studies have suggested a third system in the cerebellum that is associated with homotopic maps of the full cerebrum (Buckner et al, 2011), and a separate representation of a language network (Xue et al, 2020). TfMRI-based parcellations have the advantage over the rsfMRI ones in that task conditions can be used as benchmarks to characterize the cognitive processes related to the subdivisions It is largely unknown how the cerebellum functions when the brain is exposed to complex perceptual environments where multiple task-demands coexist and functional interactions among multiple brain systems are essential
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