Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter describes the mesencephalic dopamine (DA) system, the lateral tegmental noradrenergic system, the locus ceruleus noradrenergic system, and noradrenergic-dopaminergic interactions. It discusses the respective roles of the catecholamine systems, and discusses how they might interact to mediate arousal and activational processes. DA neurons innervating the forebrain are found in the mesencephalic tegmentum, forming a bilateral crescentic cluster of cell bodies. The effects of microinjections of DA or d-amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens clearly support the hypothesis that increases in locomotion depend on DA receptors there. Thus, the subject of functional communication between noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems is one that cannot be unambiguously pronounced upon. However, there would appear to be sufficient behavioral, neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and pharmacological evidence to justify considerable effort in discerning the relationship between them, as this may considerably inform the current understanding of the control mechanisms underlying many forms of behavior.
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