Abstract
BackgroundDepression among elderly individuals is related to physical illness, functional status, prolonged treatment and other factors. Depression is not effectively treated with medication but can be alleviated by treating the physical illness and improving functional status. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between functional status and depression in elderly individuals in Indonesia.MethodsThe data used were obtained from a national survey dataset, namely, the Basic Health Research and Socio-Economic Survey in 2018, which was carried out in 34 provinces and 514 districts or cities. The total number of respondents was 93,829, aged ≥60 years. Functional status and depression were assessed using the Barthel index and MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), respectively. Furthermore, data processing was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 program and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with the complex sample method.ResultsElderly individuals with severe dependence were at the greatest risk of becoming depressed compared to those without functional impairment or with independence after considering sociodemographic factors and disease history have 5.730 (95% CI = 4.302-7.632) the adj odds. Furthermore, this figure was higher than that of individuals with total dependence have 4.147 (95% CI = 3.231-5.231) the adj odds. The physical illness experienced also played a role in the risk for depression, which was higher among elderly individuals with stroke and a history of injury. The sociodemographic factors involved include low education and economic levels. In contrast, the area of residence and marital status had no statistically significant effect on the relationship between functional disorders and depression.ConclusionsElderly individuals with decreased functional status are prone to depression. The highest probability for depression was observed among those with severe dependence compared to those with total dependence. Consequently, interventions that involve various sectors, including social and family support, are needed.
Highlights
Depression among elderly individuals is related to physical illness, functional status, prolonged treatment and other factors
The results of this study show that severe functional status has the greatest influence on depression at old age in Indonesia, with the risk being higher for such individuals than for those experiencing total dependence
It was concluded that elderly individuals with impaired functional status experiencing dependence are prone to depression
Summary
Depression among elderly individuals is related to physical illness, functional status, prolonged treatment and other factors. Indonesia is experiencing a transition towards an aging population due to the fact that the percentage of individuals over 60 years of age has reached over 7% of the total population This condition makes the country appear to have an old population structure that has an Idaiani and Indrawati BMC Public Health (2021) 21:2332 increasing dependency ratio on the younger generation [1]. No research has assessed the mental condition of elderly individuals in relation to their functional status in the general population [5,6,7,8,9,10]. Functional status is generally assessed through activities of daily living, and one of the mental conditions associated with this parameter is depression. Deterioration in functional status puts individuals at risk for falls and other forms of injury [12, 13]
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