Functional somatic complaints in depression: An overview

Abstract

Depression is a disorder of major public health importance which often manifests through functional somatic complaints. Concept of functional somatic complaints dates back to the time of Wernicke and is later substantiated by various authors. Although considered as an alternative ‘idiom of distress’ in certain culture, functional somatic complaints are universal. Various international, cross-cultural, inpatient and outpatient based studies have reported that about two-third of subjects of depression present to clinicians with functional somatic complaints which often leads to misrecognition of their illness and in turn leads to increased utilization of health services. These functional somatic complaints can be related to various organ systems but show remarkable homogeneity in their presentation across culture. Various instruments have attempted to tap the functional somatic complaints but are limited by their cross-cultural validity. Among important correlates of functional somatic complaints are female gender, severity of depression, subsyndromal anxiety, alexithymia, somatosensory amplification and hypochondriacal worry are to name a few. Neurobiological understanding implicates neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, resultantly Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors have been found to be effective in treating functional somatic complaints in depression. Future revisions in the nosological systems should consider giving proper importance to some of these symptoms for diagnosing depression.