Abstract
Phospholipids are basic building-block molecules for biological membranes. Biosynthesis of phospholipids i.e phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine requires a central liponucleotide intermediate named cytidine-diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG). The CDP-DAG synthase (CDS) is an integral membrane enzyme catalysing the formation of CDP-DAG, an essential step for phosphoinositide recycling during signal transduction. New roles are being ascribed to the CDP-DAG in signalling and pathophysiological conditions. This pathway may also be the target of novel drugs to be used in neuro-psychiatric conditions.
 Key words: Phospholipids, Cytidine diphosphate, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol.
Highlights
Glycerophosphate-based phospholipids are the important components of biological membranes, including the plasma membrane and organelle membranes
Several different glycerophospholipid species with diverse head groups exist in various biological membranes, including phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidic acid (PA) [1]
In the 1960s, Kennedy and co-workers [3] discovered that a liponucleotide, named cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol nowknown as CDPDAG, is a key precursor for the biosynthesis of PI9, PG10,11 and PS12
Summary
Glycerophosphate-based phospholipids are the important components of biological membranes, including the plasma membrane and organelle membranes. In the 1960s, Kennedy and co-workers [3] discovered that a liponucleotide, named cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol nowknown as CDPDAG, is a key precursor for the biosynthesis of PI9, PG10,11 and PS12 These previous works demonstrated that CDP-DAG is at the branch point of diverse biochemical pathways leading to the synthesis of phospholipids with various head groups [4]. A recent study using yeast has shown that the enzyme Tam 41 is responsible for this activityand that CDS1 does not reside in the mitochondria, its presence may affect mitochondrial lipid composition.CDS1 and CDS2 are expressed in a variety of tissues. Recent data demonstrates that various anti-depressants increase phosphatidylinositol and CDP-diacylglycerol synthesis probably through stimulation of the enzymatic activity of CDS, the enzyme that synthesizes CDPdiacylglycerol. The enzyme CDP-DAG synthase (CDS) is regarded as one of the most central enzymes of lipid synthesis in prokaryotes as well as in eukaryotes. Given the functional integration of apicoplast with other organelles harboring lipid synthesis, understanding the mechanisms and physiological importance of CDP-DAG synthesis is interesting in the prokaryotic cells
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