Functional Results Following Vascularized Versus Nonvascularized Bone Grafts for Wrist Arthrodesis Following Excision of Giant Cell Tumors

Abstract

Wrist arthrodesis after resection of a giant cell tumor of the distal radius can be performed using a vascularized free fibular transfer (VFFT) or a nonvascularized structural iliac crest transfer (NICT). The purpose of this study was to compare the union times, functional outcomes, and complications after these procedures. We identified 27 patients at 2 centers: 14 underwent VFFT, and 13 NICT. The 2 groups were comparable for age, sex, and tumor grade. We assessed functional outcomes of the wrist with the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 1987 and 1993 scores, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores. Two local recurrences occurred in the VFFT group and 1 in the NICT group. The VFFT group had 3 patients who had already undergone or were planning to undergo surgery for improved appearance, hardware removal, or tendon release. In the NICT group, 2 infections required debridement, one of which went on to free fibular transfer, but there were no reoperations for nonunion or donor site morbidity. The surgical time was significantly shorter for NICT. Functional scores showed no differences between groups on any of the parameters studied for the upper limb. Both VFFT and NICT were effective surgical techniques for wrist fusion after distal radial resection for giant cell tumor. Vascularized free fibular transfer should be considered when a major skin defect is anticipated, because it allows the inclusion of a vascularized skin paddle, or when the osseous defect is too long (> 10 cm) for NICT. We were unable to demonstrate a difference in upper limb functional scores between VFFT and NICT. Because the surgical time is significantly shorter and the reoperation rate is lower for NICT, we recommend NICT whenever possible. Therapeutic III.