Functional range of motion in the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand measured by single axis electric goniometers.

Abstract

The functional range of motion (fROM) of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints during the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) has not yet been established. This study aimed to determine the fROM of all five digits and verify the accuracy and reproducibility of dynamic angle measurement using a single-axis electric goniometer (EG) during ADL movements of the hand. This was a cross-sectional study. In EG suitability testing, we first confirmed the angles of a three-dimensional calibration device 10 times, and then compared EG readings with those determined by tomosynthesis images. Next, we determined the fROM of the MCP joints by evaluating all five digits of the dominant hands of 10 healthy adults performing 16 ADL. Intra-rater reproducibility of MCP joint data during task performance was assessed in two healthy adults. Static measurements of the triangular object showed variance to be within one degree in 39 of 40 trials. Differences between angles measured by the EG and those depicted by radiograph were a range of plus or minus five degrees in 88 of 96 digits. The fROM values for the thumb and index, middle, ring, and little fingers were-7.5 to 35.3, 10.6 to 67.8, 4.0 to 79.9, 3.0 to 83.9, and 2.9-91.4 degrees of flexion, respectively. Flexion angle in the fROM of the index finger was significantly smaller than those of the ring and little fingers. The flexion and extension angles of the thumb were significantly smaller than those of the four ulnar fingers. The intra-rater correlation coefficients of two participants were high at 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. The method adopted in this study exhibited excellent accuracy and reproducibility and was therefore considered suitable for the real-time establishment of fROM flexion-extension angles of the MCP joints for all five digits. Our data are useful as a target arc of motion in the treatment of MCP joint disease or injury.