Abstract
In the current study, the probiotic activity of ten Lactobacillus (Lb.) strains, previously isolated from the traditional Polish fermented vegetable, was characterized. Strains were assessed for adhesion to human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and regulation of selected cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, and TNF-α) by THP-1 macrophages. The effect of tested strains on Caco-2 cell apoptosis was also investigated using a caspase-3 assay. Adhesion capacity was strain-dependent (1.29–8.24% of initial population). Highest adhesion was observed for Lb. brevis O24. All Lactobacillus strains investigated in this study stimulated two- to threefold increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production, compared to the control. Additionally, selected strains of Lactobacillus caused a significant decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells. Almost all Lactobacillus investigated in this study are potent stimulators of IL-10 production. All tested Lactobacillus cells slightly increased the caspase-3 activity in Caco-2 cells. Lb. casei O18 was the most inducing strain. The tested strains had no effect on staurosporine (STS)-induced caspase-3 activity. According to these results, the most promising strains are Lb. plantarum O20, two strains Lb. brevis O22 and O24, and Lb. rhamnosus K3. These newly identified lactobacilli hold promise for use as probiotics in functional food applications.
Highlights
The genus Lactobacillus (Lb.) comprises a large heterogeneous group of low-G+C gram-positive, nonsporulating, rod-shaped, and facultative anaerobic bacteria
The initial Lactobacillus cell count in all cases was 1.62–3.87 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml, and after incubation, at the end of experiment, 4.20 × 106–2.05 × 107 bacteria cells adhered to Caco-2 cells were recovered, that corresponded to 1.29– 8.24% of initial population
TNF-α secretion by macrophages induced with Lactobacillus cells alone or Lactobacillus cells with LPS stimulation is shown on Fig. 1
Summary
The genus Lactobacillus (Lb.) comprises a large heterogeneous group of low-G+C gram-positive, nonsporulating, rod-shaped, and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The genus Lactobacillus comprises more than 200 species enlisted in LPSN database (2019) 11:820–829 administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.^ in recognition of the increasing evidence for effects of probiotics on immune function, this definition has sometimes been extended to Blive microorganisms, that when included in foods can influence the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, modulate the inflammatory response, improve the nonspecific intestinal barrier, and reinforce or modulate the mucosal and the systemic immune responses^ [7] Prot. (2019) 11:820–829 administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.^ in recognition of the increasing evidence for effects of probiotics on immune function, this definition has sometimes been extended to Blive microorganisms, that when included in foods can influence the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, modulate the inflammatory response, improve the nonspecific intestinal barrier, and reinforce or modulate the mucosal and the systemic immune responses^ [7]
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