Abstract
Chromatin loop formation to achieve proximity between distant enhancers and target genes is a well established mechanism underlying enhancer function. Loop formation appears to be closely linked to transcription activation. When proteins that are functionally involved in long range interactions are reduced using RNAi both the looping and transcription diminish. How chromatin loops initially form and the relationship between loop formation and transcription remain important open questions. In the β-globin locus, reduction of the erythroid factors GATA-1, FOG1 and EKLF (KLF1) or the more widely expressed LIM-domain 1 (Ldb1) protein showed that they are required for β-globin activation and for looping between the gene and the β-globin locus control region (LCR) enhancer.
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