Functional Neurorehabilitation - The Locomotor Quadrupedal Animal Training Adapted to the Bipedal Human

Ângela Martins

doi:10.3823/1778

Abstract

This article intends to be based on the similarities between the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the quadrupedal animal and bipedal human. Through this standard explain the locomotor training of functional neurorehabilitation to both. And also demonstrate the importance of bipedal locomotor training and quadrupedal locomotor training, making the conversion of the quadrupedal locomotor training of the quadruped animal to human biped, and also demonstrate the importance of electromyostimulation and laser therapy. In the article we conclude that the functional neurorehabilitation (FNR) should be applied as soon as possible within the limitation of spinal diseases, stroke or Parkinson’s disease, repeatedly and progressively involving the three types of training proprioceptive, fortifiation and resistance to obtain an improved mobility. With our article we also considered that more robotic locomotor training should be applied in both areas of medicine, both human and animal, looking as an evidence model the dog and cat.

Highlights

A rigorous rehabilitation program, results in a marked recovery with locomotor training (LT) (Figure 1), associated with electrical stimulation and the administration of pharmacological agents in the motor function in the quadrupedal animal as in the bipedal human (Olby, 2014)
The central pattern generators (CPGs), can coordinate the motor input based on the received sensory inputs and still premeditate the sequence of logical action (Davies, 2015; Roy, Harkema, & Edgerton, 2012)
The CPGs are an important component of the neural circuitry, located within the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord to promote the control of gait and posture (Roy, Harkema, & Edgerton, 2012)

Summary

Introduction

A rigorous rehabilitation program, results in a marked recovery with locomotor training (LT) (Figure 1), associated with electrical stimulation (transcutaneous, intraspinal or epidural) and the administration of pharmacological agents in the motor function in the quadrupedal animal as in the bipedal human (Olby, 2014). Throughout the LT, transcutaneous electrical stimulation should be performed, by being considered neuromodulatory of the posture and neural circuitry involved in locomotion This modality is of great importance in human training for aiding in the reduction of spasticity (Hahm, Yoon, & Kim, High frequency transcutaneous eletrical nerve stimulation alleviates spasticity after spinal contusion by inhibiting activated microglia in rats, 2014). The afferent feedback of the forelimbs influences the activity of the hind limbs, this being achieved by direct activation of proprioceptive descending pathways, interactions through inter-conecting short propriospinal axon pathways and by ascending supraspinal pathways that culminate in the locomotor region of the brainstem or cortex, place from which the bulbospinal pathways descend This phenomenon is called the spino-bulbo- spino loop, which is activated by different inputs from the forelimb, which in turn are projected to the spinal cord and will stimulate lumbosacral motor neurons, explaining the importance of the quadrupedal training It allows a reduction in the inflammatory cascade and promotes the granulation tissue formation and epithelialization and may be applied to human medicine since the incidence of postsurgical infections is 1 to 2.4% (Cross, 2014; Medina, 2013; Newark, 2012; Kirkby K. , 2014; Rossmeisl, White, et al, 2013)

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion