Abstract
The morphology of the accommodative apparatus in chicks has not been fully characterized, and the accommodative mechanism is not well understood. A detailed study of the ciliary muscle and ciliary process morphology in newly hatched and 2-week-old chicks has been carried out in this investigation. The methods include light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Accommodation is induced with nicotine sulphate in young chicks to compare the morphology of the accommodative apparatus in a relaxed and accommodated state. This study confirms the striated nature of the ciliary muscle in the developing chick eye and the direct articulation of the ciliary processes with the annular pad of the lens. The muscle fibers of the nicotine-treated eyes are shorter than those of the control eyes and appear contracted. Quantitatively, the fibers of the nicotine-treated eyes have a significantly shorter sarcomere length than control eye muscle fibers. The ciliary folds of the nicotine-treated eyes are very convoluted and are significantly shorter in length than control eye folds. Evidence from this investigation suggests that the contraction of the ciliary muscle causes the ciliary folds to exert direct force onto the annular pad of the lens during accommodation.
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