Functional microdroplet self-dislodging icephobic surfaces: A review from mechanism to synergic morphology

Abstract

For the challenge of burgeoning anti-icing applications in the space vehicles and airplanes territory, droplet self-dislodging phenomena provide a promising prospect owing to a distinctive quick removal and refresh ability. In recent decades, the high-end micro/nano-fabrication of the superhydrophobic textures has motivated self-dislodging icephobic application. In this work, recent advances of synergic morphology optimizing strategies in micro/nano-scale functional surface according to the droplet self-jumping, self-migration and condensate self-ejecting mechanisms are systematically introduced. Further, it is revealed that existing droplet self-dislodging regulation can be categorized as: a) combining multi-scale effects with physical heterogeneities, b) considering surface tension manipulation and Laplace pressure gradient, and c) controlling droplet frequent departure and droplet programmable self-migration, for slower ice propagation velocity and longer freezing retarding time. Strategies of micro/nano-morphologies and chemical characterization are evaluated. The contradiction or merits, remaining challenges, and future endeavor of nanoscale mono or hierarchical veins for highly effective anti-icing procedures, are proposed. In the end, this review is concluded by proposing outlooks with photothermal assist and well adaptability to extreme cold and wet environment.