Abstract
Since the initial observation by Johan Hamm nearly three centuries ago of the presence of spermatozoa in human semen, knowledge on the nature and function of the male gamete has evolved to the point that it is now possible to describe in some detail: (1) the events associated with the genesis of spermatozoa; (2) the journey and modifications of these cells within the male and female reproductive tracts; and (3) the initiation of zygote formation by spermatozoan penetrance of the ovum. Much of the impetus for the scientific inquiries that led to these discoveries centered around their potential for practical application in the improvement of domestic animals. Some of the most significant advances in the area of applied reproduction over the past 30 years have been the remarkable discoveries enabling investigators to succeed in the maintenance of spermatozoa in a viable condition for ex-
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