Functional Importance of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Neurological Disorders.

Kihwan Lee,Chul-Kyu Park,Gehoon Chung,Yong Ho Kim,Youn Yi Jo,Jung Hoon Jung

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.611773

Abstract

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are transmembrane protein complexes that play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nerve system (PNS). TRP channels function as non-selective cation channels that are activated by several chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli as well as by pH, osmolarity, and several endogenous or exogenous ligands, second messengers, and signaling molecules. On the pathophysiological side, these channels have been shown to play essential roles in the reproductive system, kidney, pancreas, lung, bone, intestine, as well as in neuropathic pain in both the CNS and PNS. In this context, TRP channels have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epilepsy. Herein, we focus on the latest involvement of TRP channels, with a special emphasis on the recently identified functional roles of TRP channels in neurological disorders related to the disruption in calcium ion homeostasis.

Highlights

TRP Channel SubfamilyTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels are classified into 28 members that function as a group of unique non-selective cation channels in mammals
We described the functional importance of TRP channels in the regulation of Ca2+ and oxidative stress responses as well as their contributions to neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and epilepsy
In addition to playing a broad range of physiological roles throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nerve system (PNS), TRP channels contribute to pathophysiology across a wide range of diseases and disorders through abnormalities in Ca2+ homeostasis

Summary

Introduction

TRP Channel SubfamilyTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels are classified into 28 members that function as a group of unique non-selective cation channels in mammals. Several studies have shown that TRP channels regulate neuronal excitability, intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation (Nilius, 2004). In addition to their physiological functions, TRP channels are known to contribute to various pathophysiological roles in neurological disorders of the CNS (Nilius, 2007; Colsoul et al, 2013; Takada et al, 2013).

Results

Conclusion