Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common type of eukaryotic mRNA modification and has been found in many organisms, including mammals, and plants. It has important regulatory effects on RNA splicing, export, stability, and translation. The abundance of m6A on RNA depends on the dynamic regulation between methyltransferase (“writer”) and demethylase (“eraser”), and m6A binding protein (“reader”) exerts more specific regulatory function by binding m6A modification sites on RNA. Progress in research has revealed important functions of m6A modification in plants. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest advances in research on the composition and mechanism of action of the m6A system in plants. We emphasize the function of m6A modification on RNA fate, plant development, and stress resistance. Finally, we discuss the outstanding questions and opportunities exist for future research on m6A modification in plant.
Highlights
More than 150 RNA modifications have been identified as post-transcriptional regulatory markers in a variety of RNA species, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, small non-coding RNA, and long non-coding RNA, RNA methylation is one of the post-transcriptional modifications of RNA, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common type of RNA methylation modification, accounting for more than 80% of RNA methylation modifications in organism
The methyl-RNA immunoprecipitation combined with RNA sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) method was established for identifying m6A modifications on messenger RNA (mRNA) in the transcriptome (Dominissini et al, 2012; Meyer et al, 2012)
Summarizing recent research, we can find that the key component genes of the m6A system are mainly concentrated in meristems and reproductive organs, and lower expression in tissues that stop differentiation and mature (Zhong et al, 2008; Hofmann, 2017; Ružicka et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2019; Zhou et al, 2019). This suggests that m6A modifications are more likely to occur on actively transcribed genes
Summary
More than 150 RNA modifications have been identified as post-transcriptional regulatory markers in a variety of RNA species, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small non-coding RNA (snRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), RNA methylation is one of the post-transcriptional modifications of RNA, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common type of RNA methylation modification, accounting for more than 80% of RNA methylation modifications in organism. M6A modification plays an important role in the regulation of RNA splicing (Liu et al, 2015, 2017; Haussmann et al, 2016; Lence et al, 2016; Xiao et al, 2016; Pendleton et al, 2017), RNA stability (Wang et al, 2014; Du et al, 2016; Mishima and Tomari, 2016; Huang et al, 2018), RNA export (Roundtree et al, 2017; Edens et al, 2019), 3 UTR processing (Ke et al, 2015; Bartosovic et al, 2017; Wei et al, 2018; Yue et al, 2018), translation (Zhou et al, 2015; Choi et al, 2016; Li et al, 2017; Shi et al, 2017), and miRNA processing (Alarcón et al, 2015a,b; Bhat et al, 2019). One or some of the effects of RNA due to changes in m6A modification can be identified
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