Functional Expression of the Human Neonatal Fc-receptor, hFcRn, in Isolated Cultured Human Syncytiotrophoblasts

Abstract

Materno-fetal IgG transfer in the mature human placenta involves transport across the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and fetal endothelial cell layer. The MHC class I-related Fcγ-receptor (hFcRn) localized in STB as well as in endothelial cells is involved in overall IgG transfer from the maternal into the fetal circulation. Functional hFcRn is a heterodimer of a transmembrane α-chain and β2-microglobulin. To establish the basis for future studies to unravel the mechanism of IgG transport in STB, we investigated hFcRn α-chain and β2-microglobulin expression in cytotrophoblasts (CTB) isolated from human term placentae and cultured in vitro under conditions where differentiation into multinuclear STB takes place (≥48h). Northern blot analysis demonstrated up-regulation of α-chain mRNA after 48h of in vitro cultivation. Likewise, hFcRn α-chain and β2-microglobulin were at the limit of detection by immunofluorescence microscopy in CTB immediately after isolation, but their expression increased upon STB formation. hFcRn α-chain co-localized with β2-microglobulin in multinuclear STB and formed a functional, i.e. low pH IgG binding, receptor as shown by affinity isolation. The in vitro differentiated STB exhibited specific, low pH-dependent IgG binding to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, these cultures can now be applied to study the role of hFcRn in IgG transport and trafficking in STB cultures in vitro.