Functional equivalency of created and natural wetlands: diet composition of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens)

Abstract

Evaluating the adequacy of created wetlands to replace functions of lost natural wetlands is important because wetland mitigation is a major tool used to offset wetland losses. However, measurements such as vegetative cover and wildlife presence may not be evidence enough that created wetlands are functioning properly and thus, examining the ecology of wetland biota such as amphibians may be a more useful surrogate for function. Our objectives were to measure the diet composition of adult red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) and compare the selection of prey by newts between created and natural wetlands. Newts were trapped during the spring and summer of 2009 and 2010, and the stomach contents of 149 newts were obtained with gastric lavage. Invertebrate prey availability was obtained within a 5 m radius of each captured newt. Selection of prey by newts was nonrandom, but was only minimally affected by wetland type. Both dietary breadth and prey selection were affected primarily by time of year, likely driven by temporal variation in invertebrate abundance. Our results suggest that the function of providing an adequate prey base for a generalist wetland predator such as the red-spotted newt is being fulfilled for the created wetlands that we examined.