Функциональный комплекс микроорганизмов на минеральном носителе для каскадной ферментативной деструкции отходов птицеводства

Abstract

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to increase the efficiency of microbial composting of organic poultry waste and to ensure the preservation of nutrients in compost by using a functional complex of microbial destructor cultures integrated with a mineral carrier. Methods. Biomass of functional microorganisms was obtained by submerged cultivation and inoculated into a compostable substrate in a given chronological sequence. Three complexes of microorganisms were used (nitrifiers; thermophilic decomposers of cellulose and lignin of litter material; mesophilic microorganisms - soil formers). The functional group of nitrifiers was inoculated on a mineral carrier, glauconite, for the purpose of chemisorption of ammonia and its conversion into nitrates. Scientific novelty. Environmentally sound, similar to natural processes of destruction of organic matter and humification, methods of cascade destruction of cellulose- and lignin-containing waste by specially designed complexes of microorganisms, as well as the integration of microorganisms with a mineral carrier – glauconite – are fundamentally new approaches in the practice of bioconversion and the production of organomineral fertilizers. Practical significance. Using the described techniques in practice will reduce the emission of unwanted gases into the atmosphere, reduce nitrogen losses and obtain environmentally friendly compost, which can be used as an organomineral fertilizer. Results. In the dung and litter materials, the predominance of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Enterobacter among other native microorganisms are initiators of the composting process was established. An increase in composting efficiency due to inoculation of complexes of functional microorganisms by 21.5 % was found. Nitrogen losses in the experiment were reduced by 30–33 %. Special techniques made it possible to bind residual amounts of ammonia and create favorable conditions for the activity of soil formers – actinomycetes at the final stages of destruction. The results obtained were achieved due to the optimal correspondence of the ecological and functional role of groups of microorganisms to each of the stages of substrate decomposition.