Abstract
Metallic biomaterials like stainless steel, Co-based alloy, Ti and its alloys are widely used as artificial hip joints, bone plates and dental implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and endurance. However, there are some surface-originated problems associated with the metallic implants: corrosion and wear in biological environments resulting in ions release and formation of wear debris; poor implant fixation resulting from lack of osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity; implant-associated infections due to the bacterial adhesion and colonization at the implantation site. For overcoming these surface-originated problems, a variety of surface modification techniques have been used on metallic implants, including chemical treatments, physical methods and biological methods. This review surveys coatings that serve to provide properties of anti-corrosion and anti-wear, biocompatibility and bioactivity, and antibacterial activity.
Highlights
Metallic biomaterials like stainless steel, Co-based alloy, Ti and Ti alloys are widely used as artificial hip joints, bone plates and dental implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and endurance [1]
To protect the metallic implants from corrosion and wear and improve their bioactivity, tremendous surface modification techniques have been applied to deposit a great variety of functional coatings on the surfaces of metallic implants
Since there have been already many review papers about the surface modification methods, this review primarily focus on the functions of the coatings as well as their influencing factors, instead of basic knowledge of surface modification techniques
Summary
Metallic biomaterials like stainless steel, Co-based alloy, Ti and Ti alloys are widely used as artificial hip joints, bone plates and dental implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and endurance [1]. Materials 2010, 3 cause inflammatory and loosening of the implants [2]. Their low surface hardness, high friction coefficient and poor wear resistance are limiting their application of metallic biomaterials [3,4]. It is reported that wear and corrosion are the main reasons for degradation of surgical implants such as hip and knee joint implants, which usually happens after 10–15 years of use [4]. Another problem associated with metallic implants is their biological inertness. As the implant-related bacterial infection remains a major impediment to the utility of medical implants despite of the use of sterilization and aseptic techniques, researchers are endeavoring to develop coatings with antibacterial activity [6]
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