Functional Characterization of the Sterol-Synthesis-Related Gene CgCYP51 in the Poplar Anthracnose-Causing Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

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Poplar is an economically and ecologically valuable tree species. Anthracnose, which severely affects poplar tree growth, is mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In the infestation cycle of poplar anthracnose, the entry of C. gloeosporioides into the host tissue depends on the formation of an appressorium. The subsequent development of the appressorium determines the pathogenesis of poplar anthracnose and the degree of damage. Previous studies have found that the transcription factor CgSte12 affects appressorium formation and development by regulating the expression of a series of genes, including the sterol-synthesis-related gene CgCYP51, which influences appressorium formation and development. In this study, knockout and functional analyses of CgCYP51 revealed decreases in differentiation, darkening rate, and turgor pressure of appressoria in mutants. Additionally, compared with the wild-type appressorium, mutant appressoria secreted less mucus and exhibited abnormal penetration pore formation, ultimately leading to decreased pathogenicity. Moreover, CgCyp51 affected the sensitivity of C. gloeosporioides to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Considered together, the study findings indicate CgCYP51 is a key CgSte12-regulated gene that affects C. gloeosporioides appressorium formation and development. Furthermore, the study data provide new insights into the molecular basis of C. gloeosporioides appressorium formation and development.