Abstract
Purpose: Autologous blood-derived products have been applied in osteoarthritis therapy for over a decade, however, the mechanisms of action still remain unclear. Traditionally, research has focused on growth factors present in blood products to explain clinical outcomes, but in recent years, there is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are genuinely responsible for the regenerative potential of blood-derived products. EVs are nano-sized membrane particles of around 50-800nm that are generated by a plethora of cells and are found in all body fluids.
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