Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are of current interest and chemical functionality in such materials is often demanded in advanced biomedical applications. Functional groups often are not tolerated in the polymerization process of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and therefore protective groups need to be applied. Advantageously, several orthogonally reactive functions are available, which do not demand protection during ROP. We give an insight into available, orthogonally reactive cyclic monomers and the corresponding functional synthetic and biodegradable polymers, obtained from ROP. Functionalities in the monomer are reviewed, which are tolerated by ROP without further protection and allow further post-modification of the corresponding chemically functional polymers after polymerization. Synthetic concepts to these monomers are summarized in detail, preferably using precursor molecules. Post-modification strategies for the reported functionalities are presented and selected applications highlighted.
Highlights
Biodegradable polymers are of great current interest for biomedical applications, e.g. for drug and gene delivery systems, bioengineering scaffolds or as bioadhesives
We summarize synthetic strategies to orthogonally reactive cyclic monomers reported in the literature that allows subsequent post-polymerization modification
Polyamides from cyclic monomers can be obtained from cyclic lactams, from a-N-carboxy anhydrides (NCAs) and N-substituted glycine N-carboxy anhydrides (NNCAs), or from cyclic diamides and ester amides (Table 4)
Summary
Biodegradable polymers are of great current interest for biomedical applications, e.g. for drug and gene delivery systems, bioengineering scaffolds or as bioadhesives. Copolymerization of different cyclic monomers with pendant alkyl or aryl groups gives access to a variety of polymeric materials with a broad range of different physical properties, e.g. varying hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, crystallinity, solubility, mechanical strength, degradation behavior or thermal stability. Such degradable polymers are important for the future of sustainable polymers and plastics.[2] Properties and features, as well as their advantages and drawbacks of the different classes of synthetic biodegradable polymers, are beyond our scope and are extensively discussed in several reviews.[2,3,4,5,6]. – Processing – Size/geometry: Bulk Foam Fibers Nanoparticles Micelles In solution – Porosity – Water diffusion
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