Abstract
Understanding the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity has become a central issue in ecology and conservation biology studies, particularly when these relationships are connected with global climate change and species extinction. However, which facets of biodiversity (i.e. taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) account most for variations in productivity are still not understood very well. This is especially true with regard to temperate forest ecosystems. In this study, we used a dataset from a stem‐mapped permanent forest plot in northeastern China exploring the relationships between biodiversity and productivity at different spatial scales (20 × 20 m; 40 × 40 m; and 60 × 60 m). The influence of specific environmental conditions (topographic conditions) and stand maturity (expressed by initial stand volume and biomass) were taken into account using the multivariate approach known as structural equation models. The variable “Biodiversity” includes taxonomic (Shannon), functional (FDis), and phylogenetic diversity (PD). Biodiversity–productivity relationships varied with the spatial scales. At the scale of 20 × 20 m, PD and FDis significantly affected forest biomass productivity, while Shannon had only indirect effects. At the 40 × 40 m and 60 × 60 m scales, biodiversity and productivity were weakly correlated. The initial stand volume and biomass were the most important drivers of forest productivity. The local environmental conditions significantly influenced the stand volume, biomass, biodiversity, and productivity. The results highlight the scale dependency of the relationships between forest biodiversity and productivity. The positive role of biodiversity in facilitating forest productivity was confirmed at the smaller scales. Our findings emphasize the fundamental role of environmental conditions in determining forest ecosystem performances. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the underlying ecological processes that influence specific forest biodiversity and productivity relationships.
Highlights
| MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study site is situated in the Jiaohe Management Bureau of the Forest Experimental Zone in the Jilin Province of northeastern China (43°57.897′–43°58.263′N, 127°42.789′–127°43.310′E; Figure S1)
This study explores the complex relationships between biodiversity and productivity at different spatial scales simultaneously account for the influence of local environmental conditions, as well as the stand maturity
The results show that the phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional dispersion (FDis) are more closely related to forest productivity when compared with the species diversity (Shannon)
Summary
The study site is situated in the Jiaohe Management Bureau of the Forest Experimental Zone in the Jilin Province of northeastern China (43°57.897′–43°58.263′N, 127°42.789′–127°43.310′E; Figure S1). The environmental conditions were represented by elevation and convexity in these SEMs. The other two topographic variables were excluded in the best-fitted SEMs. At the 20 × 20 m scale, the environmental conditions had significant direct effects on all biotic factors, including the three facets of biodiversity and forest productivity.
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