Abstract
Gut microbial composition alters in some special situations, such as in ulcerative colits (UC) after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery. The aim of our study was to determine the composition of the intestinal microbiome in UC patients after IPAA surgery, compared with UC patients, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients after IPAA surgery and healthy controls. Clinical data of patients, blood and faecal samples were collected. Faecal microbiota structure was determined by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Overall, 56 patients were enrolled. Compared to the Healthy group, both the Pouch active and UC active groups had higher Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae abundance. The Pouch and UC groups showed distinct separation based on their alpha and beta bacterial diversities. The UC group had higher Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae abundance compared to the Pouch active group. Pouch and FAP participants showed similar bacterial community composition. There was no significant difference in the bacterial abundance between the active and inactive subgroups of the Pouch or UC groups. Gut microbiome and anatomical status together construct a functional unit that has influence on diversity, in addition to intestinal inflammation that is a part of the pathomechanism in UC.
Highlights
The gut microbiome has a great role in some physiological processes in the human body, such as the biosynthesis of vitamins and amino acids, breaking down food compounds, resistance of pathogens, protection against epithelial injury, development and training of immune system, and to promote angiogenesis, fat storage and modify nervous and immune actions
We can mention other species that were suggested by previous studies as being associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as the adherent and invasive Fusobacteria, which mostly colonises the oral cavity and the gut, and it has been shown that it has a higher abundance in active IBD, in colon of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients compared to healthy population [1,4]
Since antibiotics have a great significance in pouchitis treatment, we analysed the proportion of antibiotic use and its effectiveness, and found that 14 out of 22 Pouch patients (63.6%) had ever received antibiotic therapy due to pouchitis
Summary
The gut microbiome has a great role in some physiological processes in the human body, such as the biosynthesis of vitamins and amino acids, breaking down food compounds, resistance of pathogens, protection against epithelial injury, development and training of immune system, and to promote angiogenesis, fat storage and modify nervous and immune actions. Most of studies focus on bacterial microbiota composition as a component of the gut microbiota It contains more than 1000 bacterial species and 100-fold more genes than are found in the human genome [1]. Gut dysbiosis is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) including reduced diversity of bacteria, decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroides and increased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria [1]. We can mention other species that were suggested by previous studies as being associated with IBD, such as the adherent and invasive Fusobacteria, which mostly colonises the oral cavity and the gut, and it has been shown that it has a higher abundance in active IBD, in colon of UC patients compared to healthy population [1,4]. The The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing Roseburia is another bacteria that is depleted in IBD [1]
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