Abstract
Plant regeneration can occur via in vitro tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis or de novo shoot organogenesis. Transformation of soybean (Glycine max) is difficult, hence optimization of the transformation system for soybean regeneration is required. This study investigated ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 1 (GmESR1), a soybean transcription factor that targets regeneration-associated genes. Sequence analysis showed that GmESR1 contained a conserved 57 amino acid APETALA 2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) DNA-binding domain. The relative expression level of GmESR1 was highest in young embryos, flowers and stems in the soybean cultivar ‘Dongnong 50’. To examine the function of GmESR1, transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and soybean plants overexpressing GmESR1 were generated. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of GmESR1 resulted in accelerated seed germination, and seedling shoot and root elongation. In soybean overexpression of GmESR1 also led to faster seed germination, and shoot and root elongation. GmESR1 specifically bound to the GCC-box. The results provide a foundation for the establishment of an efficient and stable transformation system for soybean.
Highlights
Plant regeneration is a clonal propagation process in vitro, which may involve a variety of processes, such as exogenous plant hormone signaling response, division of quiescent cells, and formation of a meristem or organ primordia [1]
Analysis of the homolog of GmESR1 in the soybean genome, based on data obtained from the Phytozome database, indicated that the two genes were clustered in two linkage groups, one each on chromosomes Gm 01 and Gm 02, with one and no introns, respectively
The predicted three-dimensional structure of GmESR1, based on data from Phyre 2, indicated that the protein contained a long C-terminal α-helix (α) wrapped in a three-stranded anti-parallel β-sheet (Fig 2C) and that the APETALA 2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) domain was divided into conserved segments (YRG and RAYD) (Fig 2B) [47]
Summary
Plant regeneration is a clonal propagation process in vitro, which may involve a variety of processes, such as exogenous plant hormone signaling response, division of quiescent cells, and formation of a meristem or organ primordia [1]. Overexpression of cyclin-related genes in Arabidopsis thaliana could be an important link between cell proliferation in shoot apical meristems and organogenesis [2]. Shaul et al (1996) [3] suggested that the expression of cyclindependent kinase genes was highly correlated with acquisition of the ability for cell proliferation. In Arabidopsis, the regeneration-associated CLAVATA (CLV) genes may regulate stem cell fate, such as limiting the size of the stem cell population, and the function of CLV3 is dependent on WUSCHEL (WUS) activity in the embryonic shoot meristem [4,5,6].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
