Abstract
PsAvr3c is an effector identified from oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora sojae that causes soybean root and stem rot disease. Earlier studies have demonstrated that PsAvr3c binds to a novel soybean spliceosomal complex protein, GmSKRP, to reprogram the splicing of hundreds of pre-mRNAs and consequently subvert host immunity. PsAvr3c family genes are present in some other Phytophthora species, but their function remains unknown. Here, we characterized the functions of PsAvh27b (PsAvr3c paralog from P. sojae), ProbiAvh89 and PparvAvh214 (orthologs from P. cinnamomi var. robiniae and Phytophthora parvispora, respectively). The study reveals that both PsAvh27b and ProbiAvh89 interact with GmSKRPs in vitro, and stabilize GmSKRP1 in vivo. However, PparvAvh214 cannot interact with GmSKRPs proteins. The qRT-PCR result illustrates that the alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs of several soybean defense-related genes are altered in PsAvh27b and ProbiAvh89 when over-expressed on soybean hairy roots. Moreover, PsAvr3c family members display differences in promoting Phytophthora infection in a SKRP-dependent manner. Overall, this study highlights that the effector-mediated host pre-mRNA alternative splicing occurs in other pathosystems, thus providing new probes to further dissect SKRP-mediated plant susceptibility.
Highlights
Phytophthora, a genus of plant pathogen oomycetes, cause many destructive crop diseases and result in considerable losses in agriculture and economy (Kroon et al, 2012)
We previously demonstrated that PsAvr3c binds to and stabilize soybean serine, lysine and argininerich protein (GmSKRPs), a novel plant spliceosome component that is involved in the alternative splicing of plant pre-mRNA (Huang et al, 2017)
The previous study demonstrated that PsAvr3c is a virulence effector which can reprogram host pre-mRNA splicing to promote disease (Huang et al, 2017)
Summary
Phytophthora, a genus of plant pathogen oomycetes, cause many destructive crop diseases and result in considerable losses in agriculture and economy (Kroon et al, 2012) These pathogens are notoriously difficult to manage due to their capability to evolve fast to escape field resistance (Tyler, 2007). A well-characterized species is Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease, a major global threat to potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production (Fry et al, 2015; Kamoun et al, 2015) Phytophthora sojae, another model research pathogen, induces soybean root and stem rot, resulting in significant economic losses every year around the world (Tyler, 2001). Understanding the pathogenesis of these pathogens is critical to developing durable plant resistance.
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