Functional Analysis and Proteomics Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles From Swine Plasma Infected by African Swine Fever Virus.

Guowei Xu,Xiangtao Liu,Haixue Zheng,Dengshuai Zhao,Jinke Yang,Xuehui Chen,Ting Zhang,Xingguo Yuan,Yu Hao,Huimei Cui,Bo Yang,Huanan Liu,Keshan Zhang,Chaochao Shen,Xijuan Shi

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.809135

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) has brought excellent barriers to swine production in China and the world. Studies have shown that extracellular vesicles mediate the RNA and protein spread of pathogenic microorganisms and RNA and proteins. After infection by pathogenic microorganisms causes significant differences in the proteins contained within extracellular vesicles. Based on the above studies, the extracellular vesicles were extracted from ASF virus (ASFV)-infected swine plasma. And qPCR, western blot, and confocal experiment were carried out. The research shows that extracted extracellular vesicles significantly promote the replication of ASFV in susceptible and non-susceptible cells Proteomics analysis of the extracellular vesicle proteins revealed that ASFV infection could cause significant differences in the protein profile. This study demonstrates that extracellular vesicles play a critical role in ASFV replication and transmission and cause significant differences in the protein profile encapsulated in extracellular vesicles.

Highlights

African swine fever (ASF) is a severe hemorrhagic, febrile, hemorrhagic, and highly contagious infectious disease in pigs caused by the ASF virus (ASFV) and result in a fatality rate as high as 100% (Malogolovkin and Kolbasov, 2019; Sanchez et al, 2019; Wade et al, 2019)
The size of the extracted extracellular vesicles was measured by nanometer particle size, and the results showed that the particle size of ASFV-EVs was mainly about 100 nm (Figure 1B)
The results showed that ASFV-EVs contained extracellular vesicle-related maker proteins CD63, CD9, had ASFV P30 and P72 proteins (Figure 1C)

Summary

Introduction

African swine fever (ASF) is a severe hemorrhagic, febrile, hemorrhagic, and highly contagious infectious disease in pigs caused by the ASF virus (ASFV) and result in a fatality rate as high as 100% (Malogolovkin and Kolbasov, 2019; Sanchez et al, 2019; Wade et al, 2019). There are significant differences in the biological functions of exosomes from different cell sources, which are often related to the stimulation of secreting cells by EVs From ASFV-Infected Swine Plasma external factors that cause changes of bioactive substances significantly such as RNA, proteins, and liposomes in the cell (Colombo et al, 2014; Maas et al, 2017). Extracellular vesicles have several characteristics like certain viruses, including biogenesis, cellular uptake, and the transfer of functional RNA, mRNA, and proteins between cells (Meckes and Raab-Traub, 2011; Yao et al, 2018; Neerukonda et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2019; Mao et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2020a; Luong and Olson, 2021; Xu et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2021). Extracellular vesicles released by B lymphocytes stimulate specific CD4+ T cell clones in vitro, which indicates that they serve as carriers for MHC II peptide complexes between immune system cells (Raposo et al, 1996; Vincent-Schneider, 2002; Montecalvo et al, 2008)

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Discussion

Conclusion