Abstract
Diagnostic criteria for functional abdominal pain has developed in the last decade, from the Rome III criteria to the Rome IV criteria. The major change was in the phrase "abdominal pain related gastrointestinal disorders" to "functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD)". According to Rome IV criteria, FAPD are divided into functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), abdominal migraine, and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS). In order to diagnose FAPD, it is important to pay attention to alarm signs that can indicate organic abnormalities. The pathophysiology of FAPD was a complex interaction between psychosocial, genetic, environmental and life experiences of children through the gut brain axis. The risk factors for functional abdominal pain in children include psychological factors including anxiety and depression, stress conditions, negative experiences, and socioeconomic status.
Highlights
Functional abdominal pain is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders in children
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy gastrointestinal disorders are a common problems that occurs in children and the most common causes of children being brought to the doctor.[3]
At least 2 months before diagnosis, must include all of the following: (1) Abdominal pain at least 4 days per month associated with one or more of the following: (a) Related to defecation; (b) A change in frequency of stool; (c) A change in form of stool; (2) In children with constipation, the pain does not resolve with resolution of the constipation; (3) After appropriate evaluation, the symptoms cannot be fully explained by another medical condition.[1]
Summary
Functional abdominal pain is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. The process of developing the Rome IV criteria is related to findings about gut-brain interactions and the micro environment. The prevalence of functional abdominal pain in children using the Rome III criteria has been widely studied.[12] not many studies have used the Rome IV criteria. Changes in diagnostic criteria from Rome III to Rome IV resulted in changes in the prevalence of functional abdominal pain. Several hypotheses made to explain the occurrence of functional abdominal pain, including visceral hyperalgesia, dysmotility, interaction of the 'brain-gut', inflammation, immunity, genetics, stress conditions, and biopsychosocial.[11]. Functional abdominal pain is a multifactorial disorder due to the complex interaction between psychosocial, genetic, environmental and life experiences of children through the gut brain axis. A history of gastrointestinal surgery, gastroenteritis, Henoch Schonlein purpura or cow's milk allergy can be the cause of this visceral hypersensitivity.[11,12,13,14,15,16]
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