Function of interdomain α-helix in human brain hexokinase: covalent linkage and catalytic regulation between N- and C-terminal halves

Abstract

Human brain relies on a steady supply of glucose as the source of fuel, and type I hexokinase is the major isozyme governing the introduction of glucose to glycolysis in the brain. One unique regulatory property associated with type I isozyme is the alleviation of product inhibition by inorganic phosphate which binds to the N-terminal half, and the conformational change induced by inorganic phosphate must be propagated to the active site in the C-terminal half. With a single interdomain alpha-helix as the only covalent connection between the N- and C-terminal halves, the question arises as what role the interdomain alpha-helix plays at the interdomain signal transduction. Two mutants were constructed in an attempt to answer this question. The first mutant, A464P/E465G, with a helix breaker embedded in the interdomain alpha-helix had a smaller magnitude of phosphate alleviation than the wild type. The second mutant, with an insertion of seven additional residues between Gln 466 and His 467, had this phosphate relief property further diminished. Neither mutant showed dramatic changes nor the other kinetic properties. It is speculated that the interdomain alpha-helix is important for keeping the proper non-covalent contact so that transmission of the conformational changes across the N- and C-terminal half boundary can be achieved.