Abstract
Living organisms use energy to maintain their life through metabolism, and there is a balance between energy and substrates in living organisms. Adipose, liver, muscle cells and pancreatic cells are the major tissues which involved in this process. Collagens are produced in most of these cells in response to complicated physiological changes. Defining the cellular sources of collagens in the normal and diseased states of the above metabolic tissues is thus critical to understanding metabolic disease. Under certain pathological conditions, the excess accumulation or collapse of collagens may disrupt normal cell-cell interactions, and cause the loss of tissue compliance or elasticity. Finally, these disruptions of collagens result in tissue dysfunction such as atherosclerosis of the blood vessels, pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and fibrosis in other organs. This review will focus on the role of collagens in metabolic tissues, and attempt to summarize the function of collagens in energy metabolism.
Highlights
The main components of the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane in the extracellular region of animal tissue are referred to as the extracellular matrix (ECM)
Ablation of collagen VI was found, which like the α3(V) collagen chain is expressed at highest levels in adipose tissue [26], has been shown to result in increased adipocyte cell size that correlates with enhanced adipocyte function and concomitant improvement in metabolic profile on an ob/ob background [20]
Another study demonstrated that human islet adhesion, survival, and functionality, such as structural integrity, insulin expression and release, and glucose metabolism are all affected by the various ECM components including collagens I and IV [37]
Summary
The main components of the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane in the extracellular region of animal tissue are referred to as the extracellular matrix (ECM). As the key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis, adipose tissue has many important functions, such as being the site of redundant energy storage, production of adipokines for energy metabolism, thermal maintenance for the body, and a shock cushion for the organs. Ablation of the cell surface matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP (MMP-14) has been shown to result in adipocytes unable to correctly remodel surrounding collagenous ECM, which in turn impairs adipocytic differentiation, yielding “mini-adipocytes” with diminished functional capacity and mice with a lipodystrophic phenotype [22]. Ablation of collagen VI was found, which like the α3(V) collagen chain is expressed at highest levels in adipose tissue [26], has been shown to result in increased adipocyte cell size that correlates with enhanced adipocyte function and concomitant improvement in metabolic profile on an ob/ob background [20]
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