Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3) carries out the first step of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis II, which is the linkage of malonate and, to a lesser extent, methylmalonate onto CoA. Malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) is a central metabolite in mammalian fatty acid biochemistry that is generated and utilized in the cytoplasm. In this research, we verified the relationship between expression of the ACSF3 and the production of triglycerides (TGs) at the cellular level by silencing and over-expressing ACSF3. Subsequently, through Sanger sequencing, five polymorphisms were found in the functional domain of the bovine ACSF3, and the relationship between ACSF3 polymorphism and the economic traits and fatty acid composition of Chinese Simmental cattle was analyzed by a means of variance analysis and multiple comparison. The results illustrated that the expression of ACSF3 promoted triglyceride synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells and bovine fetal fibroblast cells. Further association analysis also indicated that individuals with the AG genotype (g.14211090 G > A) of ACSF3 were significantly associated with the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat (higher content of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid), and that CTCAG haplotype individuals were significantly related to the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat (higher linoleic acid content). Individuals with the AA genotypes of g.14211055 A > G and g.14211090 G > A were substantially associated with a larger eye muscle area in the Chinese Simmental cattle population. ACSF3 played a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular triacylglycerol and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, and polymorphism could serve as a useful molecular marker for future marker-assisted selection in the breeding of intramuscular fat deposition traits in beef cattle.
Highlights
As there are large numbers of Chinese Simmental cattle breeding groups, verifying the gene function of this breed’s high-quality traits is an area in need of urgent research
Bioinformatic data showed that 10 proteins, such as FASN, ACADSB, ACADS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACACB), can interact with the Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3) protein (Figure 1B)
The fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism process GO terms in the biological process were enriched, implying that ACSF3 may be involved in the fatty acid biosynthetic process (GO:0006633) and the fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0006631)
Summary
As there are large numbers of Chinese Simmental cattle breeding groups, verifying the gene function of this breed’s high-quality traits is an area in need of urgent research. The ACSF3 enzyme is found only in the mitochondria and is involved in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. The ACSF3 provides instructions for making an enzyme involved in the formation (synthesis) of fatty acids, which are the building blocks used to make fats (lipids) [3]. The ACSF3 enzyme performs a chemical reaction that converts malonic acid to malonyl-CoA, which is the first step of fatty acid synthesis [4]. Based on this activity, the enzyme is classified as a malonyl-CoA synthetase [5]. Studies have shown that the single nucleotide polymorphism of ACSF3 may be related to meat quality traits, such as backfat thickness [7, 8]. The ACSF3 gene has been rarely studied in bovine lipid metabolism
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