Function and regulation of taurine transport at the inner blood–retinal barrier

Abstract

In the retina, taurine exerts a number of neuroprotective functions as an osmolyte and antioxidant. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the taurine transport system(s) at the inner blood–retinal barrier (BRB). [ 3H]Taurine transport at the inner BRB was characterized using in vivo integration plot analysis and a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line (TR-iBRB2 cells). The expression of the taurine transporter (TauT) was demonstrated by RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses. The apparent influx permeability clearance of [ 3H]taurine in the rat retina was found to be 259 μL/(min g retina), supporting carrier-mediated influx transport of taurine at the BRB. [ 3H]Taurine uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells was Na +-, Cl −- and concentration-dependent with a K m of 22.2 μM and inhibited by TauT inhibitors, such as β-alanine and hypotaurine. RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that TauT is expressed in TR-iBRB2 and primary cultured human retinal endothelial cells. The uptake of [ 3H]taurine and the expression of TauT mRNA in TR-iBRB2 cells increased under hypertonic conditions but decreased following pretreatment with excess taurine. In conclusion, TauT most likely mediates taurine transport and regulate taurine transport at the inner BRB.