Abstract
This study aims to investigate English features of lexical bundles used by English L3 group of learners, focusing on the function and accuracy. English L3 learners are Chinese Korean ethnic college students who acquired Korean and Chinese before learning English. In order to carry out a comprehensive comparison, Korean L1 and Chinese L1 students are also involved. Thus, EFL leaner corpora of Yonsei English Learner Corpus (YELC), Chinese Korean English Learner Corpus (CKELC), and Chinese Han English Learner Corpus (CHELC) are examined and compared, with Louvain Corpus of Native English Essay (LOCNESS) as a reference. By comparing those corpora, this study produced the following findings: (1) among the most frequently used bundles, English L3 learners used over 50% of the same bundles as Chinese L1 learners; (2) English L3 learners have the same preference as Korean L1 learners in overusing stance-expression bundles; (3) three groups of EFL learners had a better grammatical correctness than semantic appropriacy in terms of bundle use, but none of them had gained a satisfying performance; (4) with respect to the overall quality of lexical bundles, English L3 learners were the worst among the three EFL learner groups. The results of this study may provide pedagogical implications for EFL teachers to improve learners’ essay writing.
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