Abstract
Simple SummaryPhosphine is one of the most widely used fumigants for the control of stored grain pests in quarantine. However, PH3 resistance to many stored pests has been reported. In this study, the fumigation activity of carbonyl sulfide was researched as an alternative fumigant to control PH3-resistant pests. In PH3 treatment, there was a clear difference in the fumigation activity of domestic strain Tribolium castaneum and resistance strain T. castaneum, but both the d- and r-strains of T. castaneum showed similar results in the carbonyl sulfide (COS) treatment. Furthermore, both PH3 and COS showed no significant difference in fumigation activity in Oryzaephilus surinamensis.Phosphine resistance is occurring among stored-grain pests worldwide. This study investigated the fumigation activity of phosphine (PH3) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) against domestic strain (d-strain) Tribolium castaneum, resistance strain (r-strain) T. castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. All developmental stages of the pests were exposed to two fumigants (PH3 and COS), and the fumigation activity according to the dose and exposure time was evaluated in a 12-L desiccator and 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber. The rice sorption rate and quality following exposure to thetwofumigants were evaluated. The mortality was 2.9% in r-strain T. castaneum, 49.5% in d-strain T. castaneum and 99.2% in O. surinamensis when 2 mg/L PH3 was used in a 12-L desiccator for 4 h. However, all pest developmental stages showed 100% mortality after 24 h of exposure in the 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber, except for the r-strain T. castaneum. A mortalityof 100% was observed in all of the r-strain T. castaneum developmental stages at an exposure time of 192 h. For COS applied at 40.23 mg/L and 50 g/m3 in the 12-L desiccator and the 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber, respectively, 100% mortality was observed across all developmental stages regardless of species and strain. The sorption of COS was 10% higher than that of PH3, but there was no significant difference in rice quality compared to that in the control. Therefore, this study suggests that COS can be used for controlling T. castaneum resistant to PH3.
Highlights
Various methods are used in quarantine to prevent the inflow of foreign pests due to increased trade among countries
carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been studied in regard to its efficacy in controlling Amyelois transitella, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Carpophilus hemipterus, Lasioderma serricorne,and Tribolium confusum as a substitute for Methyl bromide (MB) and PH3 to control stored-grain pests [8,17,18,19]
This study evaluated the activity of PH3 and COS against two stored-product pests, T. castaneum (d-strain and r-strain) and O. surinamensis
Summary
Various methods are used in quarantine to prevent the inflow of foreign pests due to increased trade among countries. Fumigation, heat treatment, low-temperature treatment and ionization energy have been researched and used for pest control during quarantine [1,2,3,4,5]. Of these methods, fumigation is widely used in quarantine, especially against stored-product pests, because it is an effective and economical method [6,7]. Methyl bromide (MB) and phosphine (PH3 ) are widely used in pest control for grains and stored foods, but the availability of MB is limited because it is an ozone-depleting substance, and PH3 has been used to control pests in quarantine as an alternative [8,9]. COS has been studied in regard to its efficacy in controlling Amyelois transitella, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Carpophilus hemipterus, Lasioderma serricorne,and Tribolium confusum as a substitute for MB and PH3 to control stored-grain pests [8,17,18,19]
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