Fully-decentralized coordination for simultaneous hydrogen, power, and heat interaction in a multi-carrier-energy system considering private ownership

Abstract

This paper focuses on a multi-agent system-based fully-decentralized coordination approach over a multi-carrier energy system comprising of thermal, electrical, and hydrogen loads. The system has a connection with up-stream electricity network. All agents in the proposed approach such as photovoltaic agent, electrolyzer agent, and fuel cell agent are active in thermal, electrical, and hydrogen interactions, influencing the clearing price of those simultaneous interactions. Furthermore, in this cooperative model, each agent has a private ownership; thus, in addition to social welfare optimization, each agent also tries to maximize its own profit via communication with the rest of agents. Since all agents try to satisfy the power balance constraint and their own local constraints through this communication, the need for a central agent is obviated for the balance of power. To evaluate the proposed multi-agent-based model, simulations were carried out in ‘Any Logic.’ Then, the effect of load-shedding by demand response program in simultaneous thermal, electrical, and hydrogen interactions of multi-carrier energy system was investigated. Finally, the obtained simulation results of the proposed decentralized model were compared with those of the centralized model. The obtained results demonstrated the validity of the proposed model.